29 Aug 2025 : A new study has sparked debate over the possible connection between over-the-counter (OTC) drugs such as paracetamol and the growing global crisis of antibiotic resistance. While paracetamol itself is not an antibiotic, researchers suggest that its frequent, uncontrolled use may indirectly contribute to resistance by altering the way infections are managed.
The Study’s Findings
The research, conducted by an international team of microbiologists and pharmacologists, examined patterns of paracetamol usage during bacterial and viral infections. It found that patients often relied on paracetamol to suppress fever and pain, delaying the diagnosis of underlying bacterial infections. This delay frequently led to the unnecessary or prolonged use of antibiotics once the infection worsened, ultimately fueling resistance.
The study also noted that drug interactions between paracetamol and certain antibiotics might reduce the effectiveness of treatments, although more data is needed to establish a definitive link.
Why Antibiotic Resistance Matters
Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the world’s most pressing health threats. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is responsible for nearly 1.3 million deaths annually, with projections that the number could rise dramatically if misuse continues.
Inappropriate use of antibiotics — whether overprescription by doctors or self-medication by patients — is the primary driver. OTC drugs like paracetamol may worsen the problem when people use them to mask symptoms instead of seeking medical care.
Expert Reactions
Medical experts urge caution in interpreting the study. Dr. Kavita Sharma, an infectious disease specialist, explained:
“Paracetamol itself doesn’t cause antibiotic resistance, but its misuse can delay proper treatment, indirectly leading to situations where antibiotics are misused or overused.”
Others argue that the findings highlight a broader issue — the easy availability of OTC medicines in countries like India, where people often self-medicate without consulting healthcare professionals.
Responsible Use of OTC Drugs
To curb risks, health authorities recommend:
- Seek medical advice for fever lasting more than 2–3 days.
- Avoid self-prescribing antibiotics — only doctors should decide their necessity.
- Use paracetamol judiciously, following dosage instructions strictly.
- Improve awareness through public health campaigns about the dangers of antibiotic misuse.
A Public Health Wake-Up Call
While paracetamol remains one of the safest pain and fever-relief medications when used correctly, this study underscores the need for balanced usage and medical supervision. Health experts caution that addressing antibiotic resistance requires a multi-pronged approach — rational antibiotic use, stricter OTC regulations, better diagnostics, and stronger public awareness.
Conclusion
The debate surrounding paracetamol and antibiotic resistance is less about the drug itself and more about patterns of self-medication and delayed treatment. As the study highlights, responsible drug use and timely medical intervention are critical to curbing one of the world’s most dangerous health challenges.
Summary
A new study warns that misuse of paracetamol may indirectly fuel antibiotic resistance by delaying proper treatment, leading to overuse of antibiotics. Experts urge responsible OTC drug use and medical supervision.