9 Sep 2025 : The long-standing question of whether the adult human brain can generate new neurons has resurfaced after a new study reignited debate among neuroscientists. The research, published in a leading neuroscience journal, suggests that neurogenesis — the birth of new neurons — may indeed continue into adulthood, but under specific conditions and in limited brain regions.
For decades, scientists believed that humans were born with a fixed number of neurons, which only declined with age. However, in the late 1990s, studies began to show evidence of neurogenesis in the hippocampus — a region crucial for memory and learning — in adult mammals. Since then, research has been divided, with some studies confirming adult neurogenesis and others failing to replicate the findings.
The latest study analyzed post-mortem brain tissue samples from adults of various ages and compared them with those of younger individuals. Researchers used advanced imaging techniques and molecular markers to identify immature neurons. They found evidence of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, even in individuals over 70, though the number of new neurons appeared significantly reduced compared to younger subjects.
Lead author Dr. Elena Martinez emphasized that these findings could have implications for understanding memory, learning, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. “If we can harness the brain’s ability to generate new neurons, it could open new avenues for therapies targeting cognitive decline,” she said.
However, some neuroscientists remain cautious. Critics argue that distinguishing between newly born neurons and existing immature cells can be technically challenging. They also stress that evidence of neurogenesis in animal models may not always translate to humans.
This revived debate could influence future brain health research and treatment strategies. Stimulating neurogenesis through exercise, enriched environments, or pharmacological interventions is being actively explored as a potential way to preserve cognitive function.
While the jury is still out, most experts agree that lifestyle factors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, quality sleep, and mental stimulation may support brain plasticity, even if the exact level of adult neurogenesis remains uncertain.
The study calls for more comprehensive longitudinal research, combining imaging, molecular analysis, and behavioral data to settle the debate once and for all.
Summary:
A new study finds evidence of neuron birth in the adult brain, sparking debate among scientists. The discovery could impact future treatments for memory loss and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.